This report documents rampant human rights violations and abuses and serious crimes under domestic law against the population in South-East Nigeria since 2021. Those suspected to be responsible for these crimes include members of the defence and security forces, IPOB/ESN forces, and various non-state actors, including the so-called “unknown gunmen,” cult groups, vigilante group members, and the state-backed para-military outfit commonly referred to as “Ebube Agu.” According to available data, between January 2021 and June 2023, 1,844 people were killed in the South-East region, with deaths arising as a result of protests, violent clashes, abductions, mob violence, secessionist groups, riots, and electoral violence. As at the time of writing this report, the killings continued.